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| Active substance | Undesirable effects | Prospective randomized studies | Approved in Germany for treatment of PV |
| Hydroxyurea | Mucosal intolerance, drug fever, skin tumors (spinocellular cancer), leukemogenic activity not ruled out so far | Yes | Approved |
| Interferon α | Influenza like symptoms, psychiatric side effects or even psychosis | No | Not approved |
| Anagrelide | Palpitations, diarrhea | No | Not approved |
