| Ventilator (endotracheal tube) associated pneumonia |
Increased risk after 3 or 4 days of ventilation |
Rare |
| Additional work of breathing due to the endotracheal tube |
Yes (during spontaneous breathing and in case of inadequate compensation for the endotracheal tube) |
No |
| Early and late tracheal damage |
Yes |
No |
| Sedation |
Often necessary |
Rarely necessary |
| Intermittent application |
Rarely possible |
Often possible |
| Effective coughing possible |
No |
Yes |
| Eating and drinking possible |
Difficult with tracheostomy, not possible with intubation |
Yes |
| Communication possible |
Difficult |
Yes |
| Upright body posture |
Limited feasibility |
Often possible |
| Difficult weaning from ventilator |
10% to 20% |
Rare |
| Airway access |
Direct |
Difficult |
| Pressure sites on the face |
No |
Sometimes |
| Back-breathing of CO2
|
No |
Rare |
| Leakage |
Very little |
Usually present to a greater or lesser extent |
| Aerophagy |
Very little |
Sometimes |
