Table 6. Regional anesthesia and analgesia techniques according to surgical intervention.
| Operation | Regional anesthetic technique | Evidence level*1 |
|---|---|---|
| Urogenital | ||
| Circumcision | Caudal anesthesia or subpubic penile block | A (very high) |
| Hypospadias correction | Caudal anesthesia | A (very high) |
| Orchidopexy | Caudal anesthesia | A (very high) |
| Herniotomy (open) | Wound infiltration, ilioinguinal block; caudal anesthesia | A (very high) |
| Abdominal | ||
| Extensive abdominal surgery | PDA | B (high) |
| Appendectomy (open) | Wound infiltration additionally to other analgesic measures | D (low) |
| Fundoplication (open) | PDA | D (low) |
| Orthopedic | ||
| Lower extremity | PCEA | C (medium) |
| Upper extremity (hand, forearm) | Brachial plexus block | D (low) |
| Spine | PDA, poss. with two catheters | C (medium) |
| Various | ||
| Thoracotomy | PDA | B (high) |
*1 Detailed definition of Evidence level on the internet, evidence levels: A (very high; high quality meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials [RCTs]);
B (high; systematic review articles); C (medium; good case control or cohort studies); D (low, case series).
PDA, peridural anesthesia and postoperative analgesia; PCEA, patient controlled epidural analgesia. Modified from (7)