TABLE 3.
Plasma lipid concentrations according to consumption of nuts and peanut butter among 1171 women with type 2 diabetes in the NHS who had blood collected in 1989–19901
| Nuts and peanut butter consumption | Almost never | 1–3 servings/mo to 1 serving/wk | 2–4 servings/wk | ≥5 servings/wk | Linear regression coefficients β ± SE | P-value2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 96 | 410 | 504 | 161 | ||
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | ||||||
| Age adjusted | 3.60 | 3.55 | 3.43 | 3.30 | −0.20 ± 0.06 | 0.0008 |
| Multivariate adjusted3 | 3.66 | 3.55 | 3.43 | 3.31 | −0.17 ± 0.17 | 0.008 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | ||||||
| Age adjusted | 4.73 | 4.54 | 4.37 | 4.29 | −0.25 ± 0.07 | 0.0003 |
| Multivariate adjusted3 | 4.72 | 4.51 | 4.38 | 4.35 | −0.18 ± 0.07 | 0.014 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | ||||||
| Age adjusted | 1.31 | 1.24 | 1.31 | 1.27 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.26 |
| Multivariate adjusted3 | 1.34 | 1.26 | 1.30 | 1.24 | −0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.45 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | ||||||
| Age adjusted | 6.09 | 5.83 | 5.75 | 5.62 | −0.22 ± 0.07 | 0.0009 |
| Multivariate adjusted3 | 6.11 | 5.83 | 5.76 | 5.65 | −0.19 ± 0.07 | 0.007 |
| ApoB, g/L | ||||||
| Age adjusted | 1.08 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 0.98 | −0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.0003 |
| Multivariate adjusted3 | 1.07 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.00 | −0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.016 |
1
One serving nuts = 16 g (1 tablespoon) and 1 serving peanut butter = 28 g (1 ounce).
2
P-values are from the multiple linear regression models for the relation between nut and peanut butter consumption (1 serving/d increase) and biomarkers.
3
Multivariate model was adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption, family history of MI, hormone use and menopausal status, smoking, aspirin intake, duration of diabetes years, hypertension, total energy intake, cereal fiber, glycemic load, saturated fat, and trans fat.