TABLE 2.
Anthropometric measures and body-composition indicators by maternal supplementation group for participating children aged 6–8 y in rural Nepal, 2006–20081
| Maternal supplementation group |
|||||
| Child anthropometric measures | Control (n = 701)2 | Folic acid (n = 630) | Folic acid + iron (n = 641) | Folic acid + iron + zinc (n = 663) | Multiple micronutrient (n = 721) |
| Height (cm) | 113.27 ± 5.37 | 113.61 ± 5.28 | 113.33 ± 5.32 | 113.93 ± 5.793 | 113.36 ± 5.72 |
| Weight (kg) | 17.96 ± 2.19 | 18.12 ± 2.13 | 18.05 ± 2.32 | 18.12 ± 2.36 | 17.99 ± 2.40 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 13.96 ± 1.08 | 14.01 ± 1.05 | 14.01 ± 1.06 | 13.92 ± 1.02 | 13.96 ± 1.03 |
| Midupper arm circumference (cm) | 15.38 ± 1.11 | 15.45 ± 1.10 | 15.39 ± 1.16 | 15.39 ± 1.12 | 15.42 ± 1.11 |
| Triceps skinfold thickness (mm) | 5.91 ± 1.45 | 5.90 ± 1.47 | 5.84 ± 1.43 | 5.70 ± 1.473 | 5.90 ± 1.51 |
| Subscapular skinfold thickness (mm) | 4.82 ± 1.08 | 4.89 ± 1.09 | 4.75 ± 1.02 | 4.64 ± 0.874 | 4.81 ± 1.06 |
| Sum of skinfold thicknesses (mm) | 10.73 ± 2.36 | 10.80 ± 2.34 | 10.58 ± 2.28 | 10.34 ± 2.164 | 10.71 ± 2.36 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 51.23 ± 3.02 | 51.34 ± 2.94 | 51.27 ± 3.14 | 51.19 ± 2.93 | 51.22 ± 3.03 |
| Arm fat area (cm2) | 4.30 ± 1.24 | 4.31 ± 1.24 | 4.25 ± 1.27 | 4.16 ± 1.223 | 4.30 ± 1.26 |
| Arm muscle area (cm2) | 14.61 ± 2.04 | 14.78 ± 2.02 | 14.70 ± 2.23 | 14.78 ± 2.08 | 14.72 ± 2.12 |
| Height-for-age z score5 | −1.93 ± 0.89 | −1.89 ± 0.83 | −1.90 ± 0.88 | −1.83 ± 0.92 | −1.92 ± 0.90 |
| Weight-for-age z score5 | −2.11 ± 0.88 | −2.06 ± 0.82 | −2.07 ± 0.92 | −2.08 ± 0.90 | −2.11 ± 0.90 |
| BMI-for-age z score5 | −1.23 ± 0.87 | −1.19 ± 0.86 | −1.19 ± 0.86 | −1.27 ± 0.84 | −1.23 ± 0.83 |
All values are means ± SDs.
Total number of children who provided anthropometric measurements. Of these children, data were missing for weight (n = 5), height (n = 6), BMI (n = 6), midupper arm circumference (n = 2), triceps skinfold thickness (n = 4), subscapular skinfold thickness (n = 4), and waist circumference (n = 12).
Significantly different from control, with adjustment for the age of the child at follow-up and the design effect by using a generalized estimation equation linear regression model: 3P < 0.05, 4P < 0.01.
Calculated by using the World Health Organization growth reference for school-age children (22).