TABLE 2.
Mean dietary intakes estimated from four 24-h dietary recalls by using dietary screening tool (DST) risk classifications for older adults residing in rural Pennsylvania1
| At-risk group, DST score <60 (n = 58) | Possible-risk group, DST score 60–75 (n = 93) | Not-at-risk group, DST score >75 (n = 53) | |
| Energy (kcal) | 1498 (1398, 1597) | 1457 (1378, 1555) | 1494 (1398, 1600) |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 183 (168, 197) | 194 (183, 205) | 201 (186, 216) |
| Protein (g) | 55 (51, 59)a | 59 (56, 63)b | 65 (60, 69)b |
| Total fat (g) | 60 (55, 65)a | 52 (48, 56)b | 51 (46, 56)b |
| Energy from total fat (%) | 35 (34, 37)a | 32 (31, 33)b | 31 (29, 32)b |
| Saturated fat (g) | 21 (19, 23)a | 18 (16, 19)b | 17 (14, 19) b |
| Energy from saturated fat (%) | 12.0 (11.3, 12.7)a | 10.8 (10.3, 11.4)b | 9.9 (9.2, 10.7)b |
| trans Fat (g) | 4.2 (3.8, 4.7)a | 3.3 (3.0, 3.6)b | 2.8 (2.4, 3.3)c |
| Energy from trans fat (%) | 2.5 (2.3, 2.7)a | 2.1 (1.9, 2.2)b | 1.7 (1.5, 1.9)c |
| Fiber (g) | 11.4 (10.2, 12.7)a | 15.3 (14.3, 16.3)b | 18.5 (17.2, 19.9)c |
| Healthy Eating Index | 52 (50, 55)a | 63 (61, 66)b | 70 (67, 72)c |
| Dietary intakes | |||
| Vitamin A (RAE) | 552 (457, 647)a | 652 (577, 727)a,b | 756 (655, 857)b |
| Vitamin D (μg) | 3.4 (2.8, 3.9)a | 3.8 (3.4, 4.2)a | 4.9 (4.3, 5.4)b |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 6.9 (5.0, 8.8)a | 9.2 (7.7, 10.7)a,b | 10.0 (8.0, 12.0)b |
| Vitamin K (μg) | 52 (35, 69)a | 78 (65, 91)b | 109 (91, 126)c |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 60 (48, 73)a | 85 (76, 95)b | 105 (93, 118)c |
| Vitamin B-6 (mg) | 1.3 (1.2, 1.5)a | 1.7 (1.6, 1.9)b | 1.8 (1.7, 2.0)b |
| Vitamin B-12 (μg) | 4.2 (3.2, 5.1)a | 4.8 (4.0, 5.5)a,b | 5.1 (4.1, 6.1)b |
| Folate (DFE) | 418 (358, 478)a | 501 (454, 548)b | 505 (442, 569)b |
| Calcium (mg) | 626 (551, 701)a | 689 (629, 748)b | 791 (712, 871)c |
| Magnesium (mg) | 193 (175, 210)a | 236 (223, 250)b | 271 (253, 290)c |
| Potassium (mg) | 1881 (1718, 2043)a | 2344 (2216, 2472)b | 2610 (2438, 2783)c |
| Zinc (mg) | 8.1 (6.9, 9.3)a | 10.1 (9.2, 11.1)b | 10.3 (9.0, 11.5)b |
| Mean Adequacy Ratio | 0.60 (0.56, 0.63)a | 0.68 (0.65, 0.70)b | 0.74 (0.71, 0.80)c |
| Total nutrient intakes (diet and dietary supplements) | |||
| Vitamin A (RAE) | 2846 (1936, 3756)a | 3032 (2318, 3747)b | 3841 (2875, 4808)b |
| Vitamin D (μg) | 5.7 (2.8, 8.5)a | 8.6 (6.3, 10.8)b | 11.6 (8.7, 14.7)b |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 76 (25, 127)a | 139 (99, 178)b | 130 (76, 184)b |
| Vitamin K (μg) | 55 (38, 72)a | 85 (72, 98)b | 188 (100, 136)c |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 165 (67, 264)a | 337 (259, 415)b | 377 (272, 482)b |
| Vitamin B-6 (mg) | 4.6 (−0.5, 9.6)a | 9.1 (5.2, 13.1)b | 10.2 (4.8, 15.5)b |
| Vitamin B-12 (μg) | 20 (13, 82)a | 80 (32, 129)b | 65 (14, 130)b |
| Folate (DFE) | 569 (486, 653)a | 770 (704, 835)b | 835 (746, 924)b |
| Calcium (mg) | 916 (767, 1064)a | 1133 (1017, 1249)b | 1392 (1235, 1548)b |
| Magnesium (mg) | 236 (200, 272)a | 302 (274, 331)b | 360 (322, 399)c |
| Potassium (mg) | 1900 (1734, 2064)a | 2384 (2254, 2514)b | 2660 (2483, 2836)c |
| Zinc (mg) | 19 (16, 23)a | 20 (17, 23)b | 22 (18, 26)b |
| Mean Adequacy Ratio | 0.71 (0.69, 0.75)a | 0.84 (0.81, 0.86)b | 0.91 (0.86, 0.93)c |
1
All values are means; confidence limits in parentheses. DFE, dietary folate equivalents; RAE, retinol activity equivalents. ANOVA models are adjusted for sex. Values in the same row with different superscript letters are significantly different, P ≤ 0.05 (ANOVA using a general linear model with Tukey-Kramer adjustment for multiple comparisons).