Table 3.
Meta-analysis of studies assessing orientation to novel distracters. Only right hemisphere activations within the frontal and parietal lobes are listed here. Investigations included all presented stimuli at a single location.
| Study | Modality of task | No. of subjects | Regions activated | Talairach coordinates (x, y, z) | Z/t score of activation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Downar et al. (2002)a | Visual, auditory and somatosensory | 10 | TPJ/IPL | 56, −36, 24 | 4.77 |
| IFG | 53, 9, 26 | 4.34 | |||
| 42, 0, 22 | 4.36 | ||||
| Insula | 43, 13, 4 | 4.27 | |||
| Kiehl et al. (2001) | Visual and auditory | 10 | I/MFG | 48, 4, 28 | 5.33 |
| IPL | 32, −52, 56 | 6.51 | |||
| Precuneus | 28, −76, 32 | 9.5 | |||
| Kiehl et al. (2005) | Auditory | 100 | IFG | 47.5, 16.8, 25 | 14.64 |
| 47.5, 22.4, −7.9 | 13.91 | ||||
| IPL | 35.6, −60, 43.5 | 14.14 | |||
| SPL | 47.5, −40.6, 42.6 | 11.87 | |||
| Bunzeck and Duzel (2006) | Visual | 14 | Insula | 29.7, 25.4, 2.4 | 4.67 |
| IFG | 41.6, 13.1, 28.8 | 3.48 | |||
| MFG | 45.5, 0, 38.7 | 3.69 | |||
| Gur et al. (2007) | Visual | 36 | IFG | 44, 6, 32 | 4.22 |
TPJ, temporoparietal junction; IPL, inferior parietal lobe; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; MFG, middle frontal gyrus; SPL, superior frontal gyrus.
a
Downer et al. (2002) did not use an oddball paradigm, but a similar task in which they were able to compare activity in response to novel stimuli to that obtained with a baseline familiar stimulus.