Figure 1.

Effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on the cumulative consecutive concentration-response curves to carbachol on mouse urinary bladder. In (A), two repeated control concentration-response curves show the reproducibility and stability of the preparation. In (B)–(E), the effects of anatagonists (3–1000 nmol·L⁻¹) on the carbachol concentration-response curves are shown. Direct contractile effects were expressed as percentages of the maximum response of the control curve. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 4–8 animals per concentration.