TABLE 1.
Baseline Participant Characteristics*
| Characteristic | Calcium (n=170) | Placebo (n=170) |
|---|---|---|
| Mean age (SD), y | 38.9 (10.5) | 38.7 (10.4) |
|
| ||
| Female sex, % | 72.9 | 72.4 |
|
| ||
| Race/Ethnicity, % + | ||
| Non Hispanic White | 60 | 62 |
| Non Hispanic Black | 30 | 32 |
| Hispanic White | 6 | 4 |
| Other | 4 | 2 |
|
| ||
| Mean weight (SD), kg | 94.5 (20.5) | 94.0 (20.5) |
|
| ||
| Mean body-mass index (SD), kg/m2 | 33.2 (6.8) | 33.6 (6.8) |
|
| ||
| Overweight/Obese, % | 38/62 | 40/60 |
|
| ||
| Mean fat mass (SD), kg | 35.5 (11.7) | 34.8 (11.8) |
|
| ||
| Median Hollingshead Scale of Socioeconomic Status (range) | 3(1–5) | 3 (1–5) |
|
| ||
| Mean energy intake (SD), kcal/d | 2110 (1238) | 2190 (1846) |
|
| ||
| Mean calcium intake (SD), mg/d | 878 (430) | 887 (350) |
|
| ||
| Calcium intake < 600 mg/d, % | 24.4 | 22.7 |
|
| ||
| Calcium intake < dietary reference intake (64), % | 75.5 | 74.4 |
|
| ||
| Mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (SD), nmol/L | 58.9 (29.5) | 62.6 (33.7) |
|
| ||
| Mean serum parathyroid hormone (SD), pmol/L | 4.25 (1.94) | 4.42 (1.93) |
*
At baseline, there were no significant differences between treatment groups (all P>0.31).
+
Race and ethnicity were self-reported.
‡
Overweight was defined as body-mass index between 25 and 29.99 kg/m2 and obesity as body-mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2.