Table 1.

Clinical characteristics

a Clinical characteristics of the GoKinD cohort
	T1D with DN			T1D without DN
	all	female	male	all	female	male
Number	578	265	313	599	357	242
Age, years	44±6	44±7	45±6	40±8	40±9	40±8
Duration, years	32±8	32±8	32±8	26±8	26±8	26±8
HbA1c,%	7.4±1.9	7.4±2.1	7.4±1.7	7.5±1.1	7.5±1.1	7.4±1.1
BMI	25.7±5.3	25.2±5.7	26.1±4.9	26.0±4.4	25.7±4.7	26.6±3.7
Creatinine, mg/dl	2.1±1.9	1.9±1.6	2.3±2.0	0.9±0.2	0.8±0.1	1.0±0.1
Cystatin, mg/l	2.2±1.7	2.2±1.6	2.4±1.7	0.8±0.1	0.8±0.1	0.8±0.1
Cholesterol, mg/dl	186.3±45.9	190.3±47.3	183.0±44.6	185.0±31.3	188.7±30.9	179.7±31.2
HDL, mg/dl	53.6±17.3	59.3±18.2	48.9±15.1	59.1±15.9	64.8±15.5	51.0±12.4
Systolic BP, mm Hg	131±19	130±20	133±18	118±12	116±12	122±12
Diastolic BP, mm Hg	74±11	72±11	75±11	71±8	70±7	74±8

b Clinical characteristics of the African-American cohort
	T2D-ESRD			HTN-ESRD			ND controls
	all	female	male	all	female	male	all	female	male
Number	284	176	108	284	126	158	282	132	150
Age, years	64±10	65±11	62±9	54±15	56±16	52±14	50±10	50±10	49±10
Age of onset ESRD	60±10	62±11	58±10	48±16	50±17	47±15	−	−	−
Age of onset HTN	−	−	−	33±12	31±12	35±11	−	−	−
Age of onset T2D	43±11	43±11	43±11	−	−	−	−	−	−
BMI	29.3±7.3	29.9±7.8	28.5±6.3	26.5±7.3	27.5±8.4	25.8±6.2	29.3±6.8	31.2±7.6	27.6±5.5

All data are means ± SD.

T2D = Type 2 diabetes; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; HTN = hypertension; ND = nondiabetic controls.