. 2008 Sep 19;13(6):338–344. doi: 10.1007/s12199-008-0050-0

Table 1.

Characteristics of the first draft of the Hie questionnaire

Questions	Frequency	Mean ± standard deviation
Screening item
1. Hie (yes or no)	732	Yes: 655
Empirically used items
2. Severity of Hie	734	3.6 ± 3.0
3. Frequency of Hie	655	1.7 ± 1.5
4. Disability in daily living caused by Hie	725	0.9 ± 1.1
Newly selected items
5. Hie with numbness^b	699	0.7 ± 1.2
6. Hie with pricking feeling^b	697	0.6 ± 1.0
7. Hie with breezed feeling	706	1.5 ± 1.5
8. Hie with shivery feeling	700	1.2 ± 1.4
9. Hie with pain^b	695	0.4 ± 0.9
10. Hie with swelling^b	703	0.7 ± 1.2
11. History of hyperperspiration^a	736	1.8 ± 1.5
12. Heat tolerance	738	1.7 ± 1.5
13. Sensitivity to cold	739	3.3 ± 1.3
14. Hie-like sensation in an airplane cabin	734	2.4 ± 1.5
15. Reluctance to use tap water (cold water)^b	737	2.8 ± 1.4
16. Reluctance to use air conditioning in summer	738	2.2 ± 1.3
17. Use of gloves or socks for Hie protection	736	2.9 ± 1.6
18. Use of additional layers of clothing for Hie protection	737	2.3 ± 1.5
19. Requirement of foot bathing for Hie protection^b	739	1.8 ± 1.1
20. Use of an electric blanket or a foot warmer while sleeping	738	2.1 ± 1.4
21. Requirement of heating devices in winter	738	3.0 ± 1.5
22. Dislike of skiing or skating because of the cold^b	736	2.4 ± 1.5
23. Practising Seiza (sitting on one’s heels) or Agura (sitting cross-legged)^a	739	3.2 ± 1.2
24. Feeling good when sleeping with legs raised^a	737	3.3 ± 1.1
25. Relief from Hie after playing sports^a	734	3.6 ± 0.9
26. Relief from Hie after performing relaxing exercises (e.g. yoga, stretching)^a	732	3.3 ± 0.9
27. Dislike of cold drinks and foods^b	737	1.7 ± 1.0
28. Dislike of vegetables^a	737	1.5 ± 1.0
29. Reaction to room temperature (inner) different from others^b	740	3.0 ± 1.2
30. Reaction to air temperature (outer) different from others^a	740	2.8 ± 1.1
31. Use of a personal heater at one’s work place^b	731	1.5 ± 1.0

All questions were on 5-point Likert scales, excluding the yes/no question and that regarding the severity of Hie estimated using the visual analogue scale (0–10). The items in bold were selected for the final questionnaire

^aQuestions excluded from the final questionnaire that were not related to the dichotomous Hie question

^bQuestions excluded from the final questionnaire that were not related to the other questions in the first draft