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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2009 Mar;2(3):224–230. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2008.09.014

Figure 2. Schematic depictions of conventional and investigational procedure technique.

Figure 2

A: Conventional retrograde X-ray technique. 1: Retrograde, transaortic access to the left ventricle; 2: A guidewire crosses retrograde from the left to right ventricle across the VSD; 3: A transfemoral venous snare retrieves the transaortic guidewire from the pulmonary artery; 4: An arteriovenous loop is exteriorized to provide a rail to deliver the rigid VSD delivery sheath; 5: The delivery sheath is positioned antegrade across the VSD; 6: The VSD occlusion device is positioned and released.

B: Investigational XFM-guided antegrade technique. 1: With enhanced imaging guidance, the guidewire is passed antegrade from the right ventricle through the VSD into the left ventricle and descending aorta; 2: the delivery sheath is positioned in the left ventricle; 3: the VSD occlusion device is positioned and released.

The XFM technique has fewer steps.

Courtesy of Lydia Kibiuk, NIH Medical Arts and Photography Branch.