FIG. 7.

Regulation of biofilm formation in S. Typhimurium by DGCs. Various diguanylated cyclases act both upstream and downstream in the signaling cascade that regulates biofilm formation. GcpC and -F positively affect CsgD, which is the main transcriptional activator of curli biosynthesis genes that are required for biofilm formation as well as adrA. AdrA is also a DGC. c-di-GMP then activates cellulose synthase leading cellulose production, which is part of the matrix of the biofilms made by S. Typhimurium. Broken lines connect the genes to their gene products.