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DDAO staining of P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm revealed the presence of extracellular DNA. Areas where the DDAO stain indicated the presence of dsDNA (shown in red) were seen in between green fluorescent protein-tagged cells (shown in green) within the biofilm matrix. Note how the stain was not uniform. The presence of dsDNA was supported by biochemical assays with isolated matrix material (Table 1). The scale bar represents 4.69 μm.
