Slot blot PAR binding assay of macro domains from CHIKV, VEEV, Sindbis virus, SARS-CoV, and SFV. BSA was used as a negative control. PAR was synthezised using PARP-1 and [32P]NAD+, diluted, and used as a probe to label immobilized proteins (2,000 to 0.98 pmol) blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane as described in Materials and Methods.