YFP-positive cells harbor viral genome. (A) Pre- and post-sort analysis of splenocytes sorted by YFP fluorescence from 12 mice infected intranasally with 1,000 PFU of MHV68-YFP and harvested 18 days postinfection. (B) Limiting-dilution PCR analysis of sorted populations. In the YFP-positive population, all cells were genome positive. The frequency of viral-genome-positive cells in the YFP-negative fraction was negligible and may be the result of contaminating cells since the frequency of genome-positive cells (1 in 1,341 cells [0.07%]) was lower than the percentage of contaminating cells in each sort (0.6 and 0.4%). (C) Limiting-dilution reactivation analysis. The YFP-positive cell fraction was enriched for cells capable of reactivating virus, whereas the frequency of reactivating cells in the YFP-negative fraction was below the limit of detection. (D) Limiting-dilution PCR analysis of splenocytes harvested at day 42 postinfection. A small population of YFP-positive cells that were also genome positive could be isolated, but the frequency of genome-positive cells in the YFP-negative fraction was similar to the unsorted fraction, indicating that the majority of genome-positive cells no longer expressed YFP.