Fig. 3.

Noise limit value (%) (left) and largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) (right) for RI and RE coupling during assist-controlled ventilation (ACV), inspiratory pressure support (IPS), and unsupported spontaneous breathing (USB). Inspiratory loading during switching from ACV to IPS decreases the noise limit value and the LLE in parallel, whereas decreasing intrathoracic pressure has the opposite effects. The boxes encompass the interquartile range with indication of the median; the whiskers delimit the 95th percentile of the data distribution (ANOVA).