Table 1.

Recent literature evaluating calendar era changes in the risk of non-AIDS-defining malignancies

Author	Design	N	Subjects	Country	Cancer	Exposure	Results
Ferreros [21*]	Cohort	7,186	HIV(+) and HIV(−) IDU	Spain	Any NADM (fatal)	1987–96, 1997–2004	HIV(+): RR=1.3 (95% CI=0.7–2.4) HIV(−): RR=1.9 (95% CI=0.8–4.5)
Patel [22**]	Cohort	54,780	HIV(+)	USA	Multiple subtypes	1992–95, 1996–99, 2000–03	Increasing: anal (p<0.001), Hodgkin's (p=0.03), melanoma (p<0.05), colorectal (0.03), prostate (p=0.01). No significant trend for other cancers (p>0.05). Only anal cancer increased over time relative to general population (p<0.001).
Engels [23**]	Registry match	57,350	HIV(+)	USA	Multiple subtypes	1991–95, 1996–2002	Liver: RR=infinite (one-sided p=0.03) Hodgkin's: RR=2.7 (95% CI=1.0–7.1) Other cancers not significant (p>0.05)
Hessol [24*]	Registry match	14,210	AIDS	USA	Multiple subtypes	1990–95, 1996–2000	Anal: HR=2.7 (95% CI=1.0–7.3) All other cancers not significant (p>0.05)
Long [25*]	Cohort	2,566	HIV(+)	USA	Multiple subtypes	1996–97, 1998–99, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2004–05	No significant trend (p>0.05)
Piketty [26**]	Cohort	86,322	HIV(+)	France	Anal	1992–3/96, 4/1996–98, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2003–04	Higher rates before vs. after 3/1996 (p>0.05). No trends between 4/1996–2004 (p>0.05)
Chaturvedi [27**]	Registry match	397,927	AIDS	USA	Lung	1980–89, 1990–95, 1996–2002	No significant trend (p>0.05)
Kirk [28**]	Cohort	2,086	HIV(+) and HIV(−) IDU	USA	Lung (fatal)	1988-6/96, 7/96-not stated	No significant trend (p>0.05)
Rimland [29*]	Cohort	2,999	HIV(+)	USA	Prostate	1982–2002, 2003-not stated	Increasing trend (p<0.001)
Crum-Cianflone [30]	Cohort	4,507	HIV(+)	USA	Skin	1987–96, 1997–2006	No significant trend (p>0.05)

HR, hazard ratio; IDU, injection drug users; NADM, non-AIDS-defining malignancy; RR, risk ratio