Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis: odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for fear of falling and avoidance of activity for socio-demographic, health-related and psychosocial variables
| Fear of falling | Avoidance of activity | |||
| Mild | Severe | Mild | Severe | |
| OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | OR 95% CI | |
| Socio-demographic | ||||
| -Age | Reference | 1.04 (1.00 – 1.08) | Reference | 1.04 (1.00 – 1.09) |
| -Sex (female) | Reference | 2.28 (1.41 – 3.69) | Reference | 1.40 (0.89 – 2.19) |
| -Educational level (low)1 | Reference | 1.03 (0.68 – 1.56) | --- ------------- | --- ----------- |
| -Living alone | Reference | 0.87 (0.56 – 1.34) | ---- ------------ | --- ----------- |
| Health-related | ||||
| -Activity of daily living2 | Reference | 1.17 (1.11 – 1.23) | Reference | 1.20 (1.14 – 1.27) |
| -Impaired vision2 | Reference | 1.08 (0.94 – 1.23) | Reference | 1.07 (0.93 – 1.22) |
| -Impaired hearing2 | ---- ------------ | --- ----------- | ---- ------------ | --- ----------- |
| -Perceived general health (poor/fair) | Reference | 1.07 (0.67 – 1.71) | Reference | 1.32 (0.82 – 2.14) |
| -Number of chronic conditions | Reference | 0.99 (0.87 – 1.13) | Reference | 1.04 (0.91 – 1.19) |
| -Cognitive functioning3 | ---- ------------ | --- ----------- | ---- ------------ | --- ----------- |
| -One or more falls in previous six months | Reference | 1.49 (1.01 – 2.20) | Reference | 1.31 (0.89 – 1.95) |
| Psychosocial | ||||
| -General self-efficacy3 | Reference | 0.99 (0.97 – 1.01) | Reference | 1.00 (0.98 – 1.02) |
| -Mastery3 | Reference | 1.01 (0.96 – 1.06) | Reference | 0.97 (0.92 – 1.02) |
| -Social support interactions3 | ---- ------------ | --- ----------- | ---- ------------ | --- ----------- |
| -Feelings of loneliness (all the time/mostly/often) | Reference | 1.26 (0.69 – 2.31) | Reference | 0.73 (0.41 – 1.30) |
| -Feelings of anxiety2 | Reference | 1.03 (0.98 – 1.10) | Reference | 1.05 (0.99 – 1.11) |
| -Symptoms of depression2 | Reference | 1.05 (0.98 – 1.13) | Reference | 0.96 (0.90 – 1.03) |
Note. Only significant demographic, health-related and psychosocial variables from Table 2 were included. Variables were entered simultaneously.
1 Low education refers to elementary school, junior high school or lower vocational level. 2 Higher level refers to poorer functioning. 3 Higher level refers to better functioning