Table 3.
Studies were direct cost exceeded indirect cost of asthma
| References No. | Country | Study duration | Sample size | Total direct cost/person | Mean annual direct cost/person | % | Total indirect cost | Total cost | Mean annual cost/person |
| Institutional studies | |||||||||
| 11 | US | 1 yr | 401 | - | 3,307 | 65 | 1,801 | - | 4,158 |
| 18 | Canada | 1 yr | 149 | 196,898ϕ | - | 74 | 67,729 | 264,627 | - |
| - | - | - | - | - | |||||
| 42 | Canada | 1 yr | 339 | - | 1,200 x | 88 | 157 | - | 1,357 |
| 752 y | 100 | - | 752 | ||||||
| 85 z | 56 | 66 | 151 | ||||||
| Regional studies | |||||||||
| 47 | Australia | 1 yr | 1.2 m | 273 | - | 77 | 81 | 354 | - |
| National studies | |||||||||
| 14 | US | 1 yr | 4.7 m | 7,301 | - | 88 | 955 | 8,256 | - |
| 29 | Canada | 1 yr | N/A * | 397 | - | 61 | 257 | 654 | - |
| 48 | Switzerland | 1 yr | N/A * | 860 | - | 61 | 553 | 1,413 | - |
| 49 | US | 1 yr | N/A * | 3,822 | - | 53 | 3,367 | 7,189 | - |
| 58 | US | 10 yrs | 14.2 m | 8,665 | - | 57 | 6,583 | 15,248 | - |
All costs are converted and adjusted into 2008 US dollars
Cost in regional and national studies are in million of dollars
Φ: of total study sample size, x = societal perspective, y = ministry of health perspective, z = patient perspective
m: million; yr: year; N/A*: data not available