Table 5.
Studies that represented inpatient care cost as the largest proportion of total direct cost or total asthma related cost
| References No. | Country | Study duration | Sample size | Cost of inpatient care/person | Total direct cost | Total asthma related cost/person | Total asthma related cost | |||
| Mean | SD | 95%CI | % | |||||||
| Institutional studies | ||||||||||
| 15 | Canada | 1 yr | 940 | 614¥ | - | - | - | 1,421 | - | - |
| 28 | Australia | 1 yr | 245 | 397 | - | - | - | - | 779 | - |
| 30 | France | 1 yr | 17 ** | 229 | 282.4 | - | 52 | - | - | 6,856 |
| 38 | UK | 1 yr | 29* | 439 | 816 | 0–2,895 | 57 | - | - | 773 |
| 42 | Canada | 1 yr | 339 | 591 | - | - | 77ψ | - | 766 | - |
| 48 | Switzerland | 1 yr | 589 | 928 | - | - | 47ξ | 1,779 | - | - |
| 52 | Spain | 3 mo | 126 | 1,932 | - | 1,529–2,353 | 83 | 2,338 | - | - |
| 53 | France | 1 yr | 94** | 64,675ϕ | - | - | 86 | - | - | 745,847 |
| Regional studies | ||||||||||
| 54 | US | 1 yr | 530,000 | 7.8 m | - | - | - | - | - | 20 m |
| National studies | ||||||||||
| 14 | US | 1 yr | 4.7 m | 4 b | - | 2 – 6 b | 54 | 7 b | - | - |
| 20 | Singapore | 1 yr | 27,164** | 12 m | - | - | - | 25 m | 346 | 49 m |
| 49 | US | 5 yrs | 463,500** | 1.6 b | - | - | 67 | 4 b | - | 7.2 b |
All costs are converted and adjusted into 2008 US dollars
¥ from the societal perspective; * Number of the trial families admitted to hospital, out of 94 trials; **average number of hospitalization for asthma in one year; ξ: Hospital care found to be a major cost factor only in the adult group of the study;
ψ: From ministry of health (MOH) perspective. It accounted 43% of total cost from a societal perspective;
ϕ:of total study sample size; m: million; b: billion; mo: month; yr: year