Table 3.
Gene/Operona | Mutant designation | Virulence assayb | Amylovoran production (48 h) (OD600)c | Significance levele | Distance of swarming motility (48 h, cm)d | Significance levele | |
WT | +++ | 0.08 ± 0.002 | nop | C | 2.7 ± 0.15 | cde | |
ams | Z0118Δams | --- | 0.002 ± 0.0005 | r | ND | ND | ND |
flhD | Z2946ΔflhD | +++ | ND | ND | C | 0.7 ± 0 | w |
fliA | Z2986ΔfliA | +++ | ND | ND | C | 0.7 ± 0 | w |
arcA | Z1306ΔarcA | +++ | 0.053 ± 0.0001 | qr | C | 1.23 ± 0.09 | uv |
arcB | Z0117ΔarcB | +++ | 0.067 ± 0.0002 | pq | C | 1.83 ± 0.28 | qr |
baeR | Z3120ΔbaeR | +++ | 0.14 ± 0.045 | klmn | I | 1.87 ± 0.25 | qr |
baeS | Z3119ΔbaeS | +++ | 0.13 ± 0.03 | klmn | I | 2.07 ± 0.06 | nopq |
baeSR | Z3219–20ΔbaeSR | +++ | 0.1 ± 0.01 | lmn | I | 2.07 ± 0.06 | nopq |
cpxA1 | Z0686ΔcpxA1 | +++ | 0.09 ± 0.014 | nop | I | 1.40 ± 0.22 | tu |
cpxA1R1 | Z0686–87ΔcpxAR1 | +++ | 0.055 ± 0.003 | pqr | I | 1.33 ± 0.05 | uv |
cpxR1 | Z0687ΔcpxR1 | +++ | 0.08 ± 0.008 | nop | I | 1.16 ± 0.13 | v |
cpxA2 | Z3367ΔcpxA2 | +++ | 0.35 ± 0.023 | hgi | I | 2.5 ± 0.4 | efghi |
cpxA2R2 | Z3367–68ΔcpxAR2 | +++ | 0.29 ± 0.07 | i | I | 2.07 ± 0.34 | opqr |
cpxR2 | Z3368ΔcpxR2 | +++ | 0.35 ± 0.058 | hgi | I | 2.5 ± 0.14 | efgh |
dcuR | Z2361ΔdcuR | +++ | 0.198 ± 0.01 | k | I | 2.2 ± 0.17 | ijklm |
dcuS | Z2362ΔdcuS | +++ | 0.171 ± 0.02 | kl | I | 2.07 ± 0.32 | ijklm |
dcuSR | Z2361–62ΔdcuSR | +++ | 0.256 ± 0.02 | j | I | 2.23 ± 0.38 | mnop |
eamI | Z2195ΔeamI | +++ | 0.256 ± 0.046 | j | I | 2.23 ± 0.12 | ijklm |
eamR | Z2194ΔeamR | +++ | 0.544 ± 0.1 | de | I | 2.03 ± 0.31 | pqr |
envZ | Z0270ΔenvZ | +++ | 1.55 ± 0.06 | c | C | 1.03 ± 0.11 | v |
envZ/ompR | Z0270–71 ΔenvZ/ompR | +++ | 1.7 ± 0.05 | a | C | 1.03 ± 0.11 | v |
ompR | Z0271ΔompR | +++ | 1.63 ± 0.06 | b | C | 1.03 ± 0.11 | v |
grrA | Z2198ΔgrrA | +++ | 1.58 ± 0.15 | bc | C | 3.15 ± 0.07 | a |
grrS | Z3742ΔgrrS | +++ | 1.56 ± 0.09 | c | C | 3.2 ± 0.05 | a |
hrpX | Z3962ΔhrpX | +++ | 0.69 ± 0.11 | d | I | 1.73 ± 0.15 | rs |
hrpY | Z3963ΔhrpY | +++ | 0.471 ± 0.05 | e | I | 2.0 ± 0.0 | opqr |
hrpXY | Z3962–63 ΔhrpXY | +++ | 0.45 ± 0.09 | ef | I | 2.33 ± 0.15 | hijkl |
hrpXYS | Z3962–64 ΔhrpXYS | --- | 0.4 ± 0.09 | gh | I | 2.27 ± 0.15 | hijkl |
kdpD | Z0414ΔkdpD | +++ | 0.372 ± 0.02 | hgi | I | 2.13 ± 0.12 | nopq |
kdpE | Z1912ΔkdpE | +++ | 0.09 ± 0.035 | no | I | 1.43 ± 0.19 | tu |
luxP | Z3324ΔluxP | +++ | 0.419 ± 0.12 | g | I | 1.87 ± 0.23 | rs |
luxQ | Z3327ΔluxQ | +++ | 0.625 ± 0.11 | de | I | 1.9 ± 0.17 | qr |
narP | Z3390ΔnarP | +++ | 0.1 ± 0.001 | lmn | I | 2.2 ± 0.0 | klmno |
narQ | Z3389ΔnarQ | +++ | 0.08 ± 0.003 | lmn | I | 2.4 ± 0.1 | fghij |
narQP | Z3389–90 ΔnarQP | +++ | 0.08 ± 0.002 | nop | I | 2.27 ± 0.25 | ghijkl |
phoB | Z1675ΔphoB | +++ | 0.145 ± 0.003 | klmn | I | 2.6 ± 0.2 | defg |
phoR | Z1676ΔphoR | +++ | 0.366 ± 0.01 | hgi | I | 2.75 ± 0.15 | cd |
phoRB | Z1675–76 ΔphoRB | +++ | 0.312 ± 0.01 | hi | I | 2.7 ± 0.1 | cde |
phoP | Z2324ΔphoP | +++ | 0.15 ± 0.02 | klm | I | 2.45 ± 0.17 | cdef |
phoQ | Z2323ΔphoQ | +++ | 0.106 ± 0.01 | lmno | I | 2.25 ± 0.23 | efghi |
phoQP | Z2323–24 ΔphoQP | +++ | 0.18 ± 0.002 | jk | I | 2.25 ± 0.15 | ijklm |
pmrA | Z0089ΔpmrA | +++ | 0.05 ± 0.02 | pqr | I | 2.3 ± 0.19 | hijkl |
pmrB | Z0090ΔpmrB | +++ | 0.10 ± 0.01 | lmno | I | 2.40 ± 0.17 | defgh |
pmrBA | Z0089–90 ΔpmrBA | +++ | 0.07 ± 0.01 | opq | I | 2.3 ± 0.20 | fghij |
rcsB | Z3206ΔrcsB | --- | 0.002 ± 0.0005 | r | I | 2.51 ± 0.17 | efghi |
rcsC | Z3207ΔrcsC | --- | 0.4 ± 0.04 | fg | I | 2.45 ± 0.2 | fghij |
rcsD (yojN) | Z3205ΔrcsD | --- | 0.002 ± 0.0002 | r | I | 2.48 ± 0.28 | efghi |
rcsDB | Z3205–06 ΔrcsBD | --- | 0.003 ± 0.0001 | r | I | 2.43 ± 0.11 | fghijk |
rstA | Z2651ΔrstA | +++ | 0.359 ± 0.045 | hgi | I | 1.6 ± 0 | st |
rstB | Z2662ΔrstB | +++ | 0.1 ± 0.032 | lmn | I | 2.03 ± 0.06 | opqr |
spk1 | Z1250Δspk1 | +++ | 0.17 ± 0.04 | kl | I | 2.58 ± 0.14 | cdef |
ybjN | Z2074ΔybjN | +++ | 1.65 ± 0.12 | a | I | 2.05 ± 0.26 | lmno |
yciR | Z0955ΔyciR | +++ | 0.111 ± 0.0012 | lmno | I | 1.9 ± 0.08 | pqr |
yddV | Z1215ΔyddV | +++ | 0.043 ± 0.001 | qr | C | 2.9 ± 0.14 | bc |
yegE | Z3113ΔyegE | +++ | 0.22 ± 0.007 | j | I | 2.9 ± 0.14 | bc |
yehT | Z3996ΔyehU | +++ | 0.186 ± 0.026 | k | I | 2.5 ± 0.2 | efghi |
yehU | Z3995ΔyehT | +++ | 0.15 ± 0.04 | klm | I | 2.33 ± 0.21 | fghij |
yehUT | Z3995–96 ΔyehUT | +++ | 0.15 ± 0.004 | klm | I | 2.4 ± 0.17 | fghij |
yfhA | Z3498ΔyfhA | +++ | 0.07 ± 0.012 | opq | I | 2.3 ± 0.1 | hijkl |
yfhK | Z3495ΔyfhK | +++ | 0.06 ± 0.002 | pq | I | 2.33 ± 0.25 | fghij |
yfhKA | Z3495–98 ΔyfhKA | +++ | 0.062 ± 0.0005 | pq | I | 2.17 ± 0.12 | lmno |
yoaD | Z0355ΔyoaD | +++ | 0.22 ± 0.008 | j | I | 2.4 ± 0.37 | ghijkl |
a ams operon encodes amylovoran biosynthesis. The entire operon (amsA-L; 15.8 kb) was deleted in the ams mutant [47]. flhD and fliA encode two regulators of flagella biosynthesis. These three mutants were used as negative controls for amylovoran biosynthesis and swarming motility, respectively.
b Virulence assay was performed using immature pear fruits as described. +++: pathogenic as WT; ---: non-pathogenic.
c Amylovoran production was measured 48 hr post inoculation. ND: not determined.
d Distance of swarming motility was measured 48 hr post inoculation. Original circle was about 0.6 cm in diameter. I: irregular movement; C: circular. ND: not determined.
e Values within the amylovoran production and distance of swarming motility columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to one way ANOVA and student-Newmans-Kleus test (P = 0.05).