HPA responsivity of RFRP cells. (A) Three hours of immobilization led to a rapid increase in plasma corticosterone (mean ± SEM; P = 0.001). (B) Poststress corticosterone difference from baseline. Daily immobilization led to an increase in plasma corticosterone (P < 0.001 effect of time immobilized within day; P < 0.001 time by day interaction). Immobilization led to a significant increase in corticosterone (mean difference from day 1 baseline) on days 1 (P = 0.022), 3 (P < 0.001), and 14 (P = 0.030). The increase on day 7 was not significant (P = 0.054). (C) Percentage of RFRP cells co-expressing CRH-R1 and GR. (D) An RFRP-ir cell (red, first panel) co-expressing CRH-R1 (blue, second panel) in the adult rat DMH. (E) An RFRP-ir cell (red, first panel) co-expressing GR (blue, second panel). *P < 0.05 effect of immobilization over baseline day 1. †P < 0.10 effect of time immobilized over baseline day 1. Scale bar, 20 μM.