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. 2009 Mar 24;63(9):1387–1395. doi: 10.1007/s00265-009-0749-y

Table 2.

Results of published studies on zebra finch song structure and song performance as an indicator of early developmental stress

Study Method of stress induction Phrase duration Total number of syllables Total number of different syllables types Percentage of copied syllables Percentage of copied syllables types Learning accuracy Song amplitude
Spencer et al. 2003 Food restriction Decreased Reduced No effect
Gil et al. 2006 Brood size manipulation No effect No effect No effect No effecta
Zann and Cash 2008 Food restriction Increased No effect No effect No effectb
Holveck et al. 2008 Brood size manipulation No effect No effect No effect No effect No effect Decreasedc
This study Food restriction No effect No effect No effect No effect No effect Decreasedb No effect

Cells with no entries indicate that the respective trait has not been investigated

aBased on visual comparisons of tutor and tutee songs

bBased on spectral parameter analysis with Sound Analysis Pro software

cBased on spectral parameter analysis with Luscinia software