Table 1.

Behavioral consequences of in vivo manipulations of ICER levels

Models
Species	Manipulation	General behaviors	Epileptogenesis	Learning and memory	References
Mouse	CREM/ICER knockout	Increased spontaneous locomotor activity	Normal acute pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus	Potential memory enhancement (conditioned suppression of motility test)	[40, 65]
		Reduced anxiety-like behavior	Increased spontaneous seizures after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus	Enhanced long-term fear memory	[21]
	ICER knockout	Normal locomotor activity, sensory and motor functions, and emotional reactivity	Accelerated kindling development	Normal odor discrimination memory
	ICER overexpression (forebrain-specific, pCaMKII)	Normal locomotor activity, sensory and motor functions, and emotional reactivity	Normal basal neuronal excitability (electric stimulation of amygdala)	Impaired long-term fear memory	[21]
Rat	ICER overexpression (rAAV vector) dorsal hippocampus	No change in general motor activity	Not tested	Normal odor discrimination memory
				3-month-old rats—normal Barnes maze and passive avoidance performance	[20]
		Normal basal neuronal excitability (electric stimulation of amygdala). Retarded kindling development		15-month-old rats—impaired Barnes maze and passive avoidance performance
	ICER overexpression (HSV vector) nucleus accumbens shell	Decreased spontaneous locomotor activity	Not tested	Not tested	[46]
		Potentiated amphetamine-induced locomotor activity
		Increased responsiveness to natural rewards
		Antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim test
		Increased neophobia and anxiety-like behavior