Table 1.

Measure	Stimulus	* Visual Deficits: Baseline		* Visual Deficits: 1 Year		† Improvement: Baseline to 6 Weeks		† Improvement: 6 Weeks to 1 Year
		HA	M/MA	HA	M/MA	HA	M/MA	HA	M/MA
Grating Acuity	V	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	ns	ns
	H	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	O	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	V-H	ns	<0.001	---	<0.001	ns	ns	ns	ns
Vernier Acuity	V	<0.001	<0.001	<0.004	ns	<0.003	< 0.001	ns	ns
	H	<0.001	<0.001	<0.02	<0.001
	O	<0.001	<0.001	<0.009	<0.02
	V-H	ns	ns	--	--	ns	ns	ns	ns
1.5 cy/deg Contrast	V	ns	ns	--	--	<0.008	<0.02	ns	ns
	H	<0.001	<0.04	ns	ns
	V-H	<0.04	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
6.0 cy/deg Contrast	V	<0.001	<0.001	<0.03	<0.001	YC: ns OC:<0.009	YC: ns OC:<0.02	ns	ns
	H	<0.001	<0.001	ns	<0.001	YC: ns OC:<0.001	YC: ns OC:<0.002		YC:<0.03 OC:ns
	V-H	ns	ns	--	--	ns	ns	ns
18.0 cy/deg Contrast	V	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	ns	ns	ns
	H	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	V-H	<0.02	ns	<0.04	--	ns	ns	ns	ns
Stereo Acuity		YC:<0.001 OC:<0.001	YC:<0.001 OC:<0.005	YC:<0.001OC:<0.001	YC:<0.001 OC:<0.001	<0.001	ns	ns	ns

^*Numbers indicate p values, when significant deficits relative to the NonA group were present, “ns” indicates vision not significantly reduced (relative to NonA group), and “—“ indicates that test was not conducted (in cases in which deficits were not significant at baseline). Results by cohort presented only in cases in which cohort interacted significantly with astigmatism group.

^†Numbers indicate p values, when there is significant improvement relative to improvement in the NonA group, and “ns” indicates no significant improvement (relative to NonA group). Results by cohort presented only in cases in which cohort interacted significantly with both “time” and “astigmatism group” variables (i.e., only when improvement differed significantly across astigmatism group and cohort). Cells are merged across orientation in cases in which stimulus orientation did not interact with both “time” and “astigmatism group” variables (i.e., improvement was not dependent upon stimulus orientation).