Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics by regimen
| Pooled sample (n = 253) | On oral hypoglycemics alone (n = 153) | On insulin (n = 100) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 57.3 ± 8.3 | 57.8 | 56.6 | 0.246 |
| Female | 50 | 51.3 | 46.1 | 0.415 |
| African American | 55 | 49.7 | 64.1 | 0.023 |
| Socioeconomic status index* | 65.0 ± 17.5 | 64.1 ± 18.0 | 66.3 ± 16.7 | 0.349 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 10.9 ± 8.2 | 9.0 ± 7.0 | 13.8 ± 9.1 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes complications† | 0.7 ± 0.8 | 0.6 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 0.157 |
| Two or more comorbid medical conditions‡ | 20 | 19.1 | 23.8 | 0.371 |
| A1C at baseline (%) | 7.57 ± 1.61 | 7.37 ± 1.54 | 7.89 ± 1.67 | 0.015 |
| Depressive symptom severity (baseline PHQ-9 total) | 5.5 ± 4.7 | 5.0 ± 4.1 | 6.2 ± 5.4 | 0.060 |
Data are means ± SD or percent.
*U.S. Census Bureau Index of Socioeconomic Status adjusted for inflation and regional Consumer Price Index.
†Coded as 0, 1, or ≥2.
‡Coded from count of the following illnesses: asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis associated with lupus (SLE) or scleroderma, peripheral vascular disease, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, coronary artery disease, thyroid disease, Addison's disease, and Cushing's syndrome.