Table 2.
Change in anthropometric and metabolic outcomes at 3, 6, and 12 months after diet initiation
| 3 months | 6 months | 12 months | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1C | ||||
| Low-carbohydrate diet | −0.64 ± 1.4 | −0.29 ± 0.92 | −0.02 ± 0.89 | 0.71 |
| Low-fat diet | −0.26 ± 1.1 | −0.15 ± 1.1 | 0.24 ± 1.4 | |
| Weight (kg)* | ||||
| Low-carbohydrate diet | −5.2 ± 2.8 | −4.8 ± 3.5 | −3.1 ± 4.8 | 0.005 |
| Low-fat diet | −3.2 ± 3.7 | −4.4 ± 5.3 | −3.1 ± 5.8 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Low-carbohydrate diet | −5.8 ± 19.2 | −0.78 ± 17.7 | 2.0 ± 15.6 | 0.15 |
| Low-fat diet | −0.98 ± 21.0 | −37 ± 19.8 | −1.8 ± 22.6 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Low-carbohydrate diet | −2.2 ± 12.5 | −0.93 ± 12.4 | −2.9 ± 9.4 | 0.62 |
| Low-fat diet | −0.40 ± 12.6 | 0.95 ± 9.8 | −2.2 ± 11.6 | |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l)† | ||||
| Low-carbohydrate diet | 0.05 ± 0.79 | 0.10 ± 0.76 | 0.37 | |
| Low-fat diet | −0.27 ± 0.74 | −0.13 ± 0.70 | ||
| LDL (mmol/l) | ||||
| Low-carbohydrate diet | −0.10 ± 0.52 | −0.04 ± 0.63 | 0.23 | |
| Low-fat diet | −0.25 ± 0.56 | −0.18 ± 0.66 | ||
| HDL (mmol/l) | ||||
| Low-carbohydrate diet | 0.16 ± 0.28 | 0.16 ± 0.27 | 0.002 | |
| Low-fat diet | −0.01 ± 0.22 | 0.06 ± 0.21 | ||
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | ||||
| Low-carbohydrate diet | −0.02 ± 0.85 | −0.15 ± 0.88 | 0.53 | |
| Low-fat diet | 0.04 ± 0.56 | −0.01 ± 0.86 |
Data are means ± SD.
*P values for diet difference over all time points.
†Lipid values were not collected at 3 months.