Table 2.
Admission biochemical data in patients with HHS or DKA
| HHS | DKA | |
|---|---|---|
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 930 ± 83 | 616 ± 36 |
| Na+ (mEq/l) | 149 ± 3.2 | 134 ± 1.0 |
| K+ (mEq/l) | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 4.5 ± 0.13 |
| BUN (mg/dl) | 61 ± 11 | 32 ± 3 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
| pH | 7.3 ± 0.03 | 7.12 ± 0.04 |
| Bicarbonate (mEq/l) | 18 ± 1.1 | 9.4 ± 1.4 |
| 3-β-hydroxybutyrate (mmol/l) | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 9.1 ± 0.85 |
| Total osmolality* | 380 ± 5.7 | 323 ± 2.5 |
| IRI (nmol/l) | 0.08 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 |
| C-peptide (nmol/l) | 1.14 ± 0.1 | 0.21 ± 0.03 |
| Free fatty acids (nmol/l) | 1.5 ± 0.19 | 1.6 ± 0.16 |
| Human growth hormone (ng/ml) | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 6.1 ± 1.2 |
| Cortisol (ng/ml) | 570 ± 49 | 500 ± 61 |
| IRI (nmol/l)† | 0.27 ± 0.05 | 0.09 ± 0.01 |
| C-peptide (nmol/l)† | 1.75 ± 0.23 | 0.25 ± 0.05 |
| Glucagon (ng/ml) | 689 ± 215 | 580 ± 147 |
| Catacholamines (ng/ml) | 0.28 ± 0.09 | 1.78 ± 0.4 |
| Growth hormone (ng/ml) | 1.1 | 7.9 |
| ΔGap: anion gap − 12 (mEq/l) | 11 | 17 |
*According to the formula 2(Na + K) + urea (mmol/l) + glucose (mmol/l).
†Values following intravenous administration of tolbutamide. IRI, immunoreactive insulin. (Adapted from ref. 4.)