Table 1.
Subject characteristics
| Hypoglycemia unaware | Hypoglycemia aware | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 19 | 31 | — |
| Duration of observation (days) | 419 ± 139 | 568 ± 255 | 0.024 |
| Age (years) | 47.5 ± 11.4 | 36.1 ± 10.2 | 0.001 |
| Sex (% female) | 52.6 (10) | 71.0 (22) | 0.190 |
| Duration type 1 diabetes (years) | 32.1 ± 12.9 | 20.5 ± 11.3 | 0.002 |
| Weight (kg) | 70.4 ± 16.2 | 73.7 ± 13.3 | 0.449 |
| BMI | 25.0 ± 5.0 | 26.1 ± 4.0 | 0.401 |
| % Who did not attend | 7.5 ± 11.4 | 12.3 ± 12.4 | 0.174 |
| % Completed DAFNE | 47.4 (9) | 61.3 (19) | 0.336 |
| % Psychiatric history | 10.5 (2) | 29.2 (7) | 0.282 |
| % Cognitive behavioral therapy | 10.5 (2) | 24.0 (6) | 0.409 |
| % Retinopathy (any degree on retinal photography)* | 55.6 (10) | 61.3 (19) | 0.694 |
| % Nephropathy (microalbuminuria/ proteinuria)* | 10.5 (2) | 29.0 (9) | 0.125 |
| % Neuropathy (symptoms or sensory loss)* | 21.1 (4) | 9.7 (3) | 0.261 |
| A1C (%) | 7.2 ± 0.7 | 8.3 ± 1.3 | 0.007 |
| Insulin dose (units · kg−1 · day−1) | 0.59 ± 0.16 | 0.77 ± 0.26 | 0.030 |
*Taken from annual review data during audit period. DAFNE, Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating, a 5-day structured education program in flexible insulin therapy for type 1 diabetic patients.