Decreased proliferation of MMCs in Col8a1−/Col8a2− MMCs. Thymidine incorporation by Col8a1−/Col8a2− MMCs was significantly attenuated compared with that in wild-type controls (after glucose [A] and PDGF-BB stimulation [C]). Cell proliferation was also assessed by cell counts in the presence or absence of high glucose (B) or PDGF-BB (D). E–H: Transfection of Col8A1 reversed the phenotype. I: Increased mannose concentrations had no impact upon proliferation. J: Further, compared with the wild type, Col8a1−/Col8a2− cells had a lower pp42/pp44 level at the resting state and after stimulation with PDGF-BB in Western blots. K: p27Kip1 levels were increased in Col8a1−/Col8a2− MMCs, and stimulation with PDGF-BB had no further effect. *P < 0.01 vs. wild-type MMC. Bars represent SE. CON, control; KO, knockout; WT, wild-type.