TABLE 1.
Metabolic and renal function parameters of control and diabetic mice
| Group/parameter | Control (+/+) | Diabetic (+/+) |
Control grem1+/− | Diabetic grem1+/− |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 weeks | 27 weeks | 18 weeks | 27 weeks | |||
| Body weight | ||||||
| Initial (g) | 19.37 ± 0.61 (10) | 22.3 ± 1.17 (6) | 19.3 ± 0.85 (10) | 20.15 ± 0.71 (11) | 23.91 ± 1.43 (6) | 20.02 ± 0.47 (12) |
| Final (g) | 32.00 ± 1.41 (10) | 20.64 ± 1.24 (6)‡ | 22.82 ± 1.15 (10)* | 30.95 ± 0.66 (11) | 21.84 ± 1.29 (6)* | 22.49 ± 0.84 (12)* |
| Fasting plasma glucose | ||||||
| Initial (mmol/l) | 6.06 ± 0.38 (8) | 6.32 ± 0.18 (6) | 6.05 ± 0.34 (10) | 5.4 ± 0.27 (11) | 5.68 ± 0.23 (6) | 6.79 ± 0.27 (12) |
| Final (mmol/l) | 6.28 ± 0.17 (10) | >33.3 ± 0 (6)* | 33.02 ± 0.19 (10)* | 5.73 ± 0.21 (11) | >33.3 ± 0 (6)* | 32.64 ± 0.65 (12)* |
| A1C (%) | 4.35 ± 0.26 (6) | 13.06 ± 0.79 (5)* | 12.65 ± 0.84 (6)* | 4.26 ± 0.08 (9) | 12.17 ± 0.84 (7)* | 12.51 ± 0.53 (11)* |
| Urine volume before sacrifice (ml) | 3.35 ± 0.93 (9) | 15.32 ± 4.58 (6)† | 15.18 ± 2.96 (10)‡ | 4.32 ± 0.87 (13) | 18.59 ± 5.95 (6)‡ | 12.31 ± 3.19 (11)† |
| Left kidney weight (g) | 0.168 ± 0.01 (10) | 0.185 ± 0.01 (6) | 0.204 ± 0.01 (10)‡ | 0.167 ± 0.01 (11) | 0.202 ± 0.01 (6)† | 0.199 ± 0.01 (11)† |
| Left kidney–to–total body weight ratio (g/kg) | 5.409 ± 0.19 (10) | 9.074 ± 0.27 (6)* | 9.077 ± 0.38 (10)* | 5.536 ± 0.16 (11) | 9.152 ± 0.63 (6)* | 8.816 ± 0.28 (11)* |
| Plasma creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.072 ± 0.01 (12) | 0.043 ± 0.01 (6)† | 0.042 ± 0.01 (8)‡ | 0.085 ± 0.01 (11) | 0.093 ± 0.01 (6) | 0.071 ± 0.01 (9) |
| Creatinine clearance (μl · min−1 · g body wt−1) | 13.72 ± 1.35 (8) | 35.39 ± 7.14 (8)† | 27.45 ± 3.89 (8) | 9.07 ± 0.71 (10) | 16.87 ± 3.44 (5) | 35.11 ± 6.37 (8)* |
| ACR | 63.51 ± 15.25 (9) | 636.5 ± 341.4 (3) | 594.96 ± 664.04 (6)† | 104.13 ± 13.7 (11) | 284.76 ± 52.49 (3) | 287.1 ± 68.75 (8) |
| Urinary albumin excretion rate (24 h) | 34.02 ± 4.54 (9) | 129.59 ± 27.51 (6)‡ | 129.32 ± 16.05 (8)* | 33.09 ± 3.003 (11) | 101.23 ± 26.17 (3) | 85.71 ± 20.82 (8)† |
| Total cholesterol (g/dl) | 142.12 ± 8.36 (8) | 129.67 ± 34.60 (3) | 114.1 ± 6.26 (8)† | 123.3 ± 10.51 (10) | 170.0 ± 9.60 (5)‡ | 113.14 ± 9.24 (7) |
| HDL cholesterol (g/dl) | 77 ± 3.69 (8) | 62.73 ± 3.52 (6)† | 59.4 ± 4.19 (10)‡ | 58.3 ± 2.90 (9) | 60 ± 4.48 (6) | 51.29 ± 4.93 (7) |
| Triglycerides (g/dl) | 102 ± 13.10 (8) | 172.55 ± 27.7 (6)† | 158.2 ± 21.38 (10)† | 78 ± 6.11 (10) | 124.5 ± 16.73 (6)† | 130.71 ± 10.71 (7)‡ |
| LDL cholesterol (g/dl) | 34.43 ± 3.07 (7) | 47.25 ± 17.00 (4) | 31.87 ± 5.89 (8) | 41.87 ± 6.79 (8) | 85.5 ± 13.86 (4)‡ | 33.43 ± 6.80 (7) |
Data are expressed as means ± SE (number of animals per group). Data were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer post hoc analysis.
*P < 0.001;
†P < 0.05;
‡P < 0.01; compared with age-matched controls of the same genetic type.