FIG. 1.

Generation and characterization of liver-specific PGC-1α heterozygous (LH) mice. A: Mice were bred to carry one floxed PGC-1α allele and transgenically express Cre recombinase under control of the rat albumin promoter, leading to excision of exons 3–5 of PGC-1α within the liver. △, LoxP sites. PCR analysis detected the presence of the LoxP sites (floxed allele), alb-cre transgene, and knockout allele. B and C: Relative mRNA expression of either PGC-1α or PGC-1β in liver (B) and in muscle, BAT, WAT, and heart tissue (C) from LH versus control (wild-type [WT]) mice. D: Endogenous PGC-1α was immunoprecipitated from primary hepatocyte protein extracts isolated from wild-type, LH, and whole-body PGC-1α knockout animals (KO) to show relative protein expression. Immunoprecipitates from cultured hepatocytes treated with dexamethasone/forskolin (D/F) and adenovirally overexpressed PGC-1α demonstrate anti–PGC-1α antibody specificity. *P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001. GFP, green fluorescent protein.