Table 1.
Number of Measures | Percentage of Measures | |
---|---|---|
Perspective | ||
Hospital | 162 | 61.1 |
Physician (individual or group) | 54 | 20.4 |
Health plan | 13 | 4.9 |
Integrated delivery system | 5 | 1.9 |
Nurse | 6 | 2.3 |
Geographic region | 4 | 1.5 |
Medicare program | 3 | 1.1 |
Other | 18 | 6.8 |
Inputs | ||
Physical | 123 | 46.4 |
Financial | 82 | 30.9 |
Physical and financial | 60 | 22.6 |
Outputs | ||
Health services | 258 | 97.4 |
Health outcomes | 5 | 1.9 |
Other | 3 | 1.1 |
Statistical/mathematical methods | ||
Frontier analysis or other regression-based approach | 147 | 55.5 |
Ratios | 117 | 44.2 |
Explanatory variables* | ||
Provider level | 131 | 49.4 |
Patient risk/severity | 91 | 34.3 |
None | 90 | 34.0 |
Area level | 58 | 21.9 |
Patient level (except risk/severity) | 38 | 14.3 |
Data source | ||
Secondary data | 182 | 68.7 |
Primary data | 53 | 20.0 |
Not available or not applicable | 30 | 11.3 |
Time frame | ||
Cross sectional | 150 | 56.6 |
Longitudinal/time series | 104 | 39.2 |
Not available | 11 | 4.2 |
Reporting of scientific soundness | ||
Reliability and/or validity testing reported | 6 | 2.3 |
Sensitivity analysis reported | 67 | 25.3 |
Source: Authors' analysis.
Some measures included in multiple categories.