a. Gonadally-intact females escape sooner than gonadally-intact males in active avoidance (p<0.05). Females were in various stages of the estrous cycle at the time of testing. Rats were trained to avoid a mild footshock by passing though the doorway of the shuttle box twice (FR2), for 30 trials in one day [84].
b. Ovariectomy of adult females in adulthood has no effect on active avoidance. Gonadally-intact and ovariectomized females exhibit the same escape latencies when they are trained to avoid a mild footshock by passing twice though the doorway of the shuttle box (FR2), for 30 trials in one day [84].
c. Castrated adult males learn to escape sooner the mild footshock in the FR2 task, in comparison to gonadally-intact adult males (p<0.05). Rats were trained to avoid a mild footshock by passing though the doorway of the shuttle box twice (FR2), for 30 trials in one day [84].