Table 3.
Significant ANCOVA Interactions for Between-Group Differences in Longitudinal Changes of White Matter Fractional Anisotropy
| Brodmann’s Area Contrasts | Fractional Anisotropya | Fractional Anisotropy Controlled for Illness Durationb |
|---|---|---|
| Frontal lobe | ||
| (4-6-8-9-10-11-12-24-25-32-44-45-46-47) | ||
| Schizophrenia vs. healthy subjects | g×t×h×BA F13, 559=2.92, p=0.0004 (0.002) | |
| Good-outcome vs. poor-outcome | g×t×BA F13, 390=2.16, p=0.01 (0.03) | g×t×BA F13, 338=2.17, p=0.01 (0.029) |
| Temporal lobe | ||
| (20-21-22-27-28-34-35-36-37-38-41-42) | g×t F1, 43=4.68, p=0.036 (0.036) | |
| Schizophrenia vs. healthy subjects | ||
| Good-outcome vs. poor-outcome | ||
| Parietal lobe | ||
| (1/2/3/5-7a-7b-23-26-29-30-31-39-40-43) | ||
| Schizophrenia vs. healthy subjects | ||
| Good-outcome vs. poor-outcome | g×t×BA F10, 300=2.49, p=0.007 (0.034) | g×t×BA F10, 260=2.19, p=0.02 (0.057) |
| g×t×h×BA F10, 300=2.58, p=0.005 (0.019) | g×t×h×BA F10, 260=2.58, p=0.01 (0.036) | |
| Occipital lobe | ||
| (17-18-19) | ||
| Schizophrenia vs. healthy subjects | g×t F1, 30=4.85, p=0.036 (0.036) | |
| Good-outcome vs. poor-outcome | g×t×BA F2, 60=9.21, p=0.0003 (0.0003) | g×t×BA F2, 52=7.49, p=0.001 (0.001) |
| Cingulate gyrus | ||
| (23-24-25-26-29-30-31-32) | ||
| Schizophrenia vs. healthy subjects | ||
| Good-outcome vs. poor-outcome | g×t×h×BAF7, 210=2.11, p=0.044 (0.06) | |
| Frontal (4-6-8-9-10-11-12-44-45-46-47) vs. | ||
| temporal (20-21-22-27-28-34-35-36-38-41-42) vs. | ||
| parietal (1/2/3/5-7a-7b-23-26-29-30-31-39-40-43) | ||
| Schizophrenia vs. healthy subjects | g×t×r×BA F20, 600=1.74, p=0.02 (0.09) | |
| g×t×h×r×BA F20, 600=2.13, p=0.003 (0.02) | ||
| Good-outcome vs. poor-outcome | g×t F1, 30=6.65, p=0.015 (0.015) | g×t×h×r×BA F20, 520=1.90, p=0.01 (0.04) |
Abbreviations: g×t – diagnostic group by scan time interaction, g×t×BA – diagnostic group by time by Brodmann’s area interaction, g×t×h×BA – diagnostic group by time by hemisphere by Brodmann’s area interaction, g×t×r×BA – diagnostic group by time by region by Brodmann’s area interaction, g×t×h×r×BA – diagnostic group by time by hemisphere by region by Brodmann’s area interaction.
Uncorrected p values are followed by Huynh-Feldt corrected p in parentheses. Interactions at trend level of significance (p<0.10) are in italics. Note that parietal areas 1, 2, 3, and 5 were combined in these analyses, hence 1/2/3/5.
ANCOVA with subjects’ age and interscan interval as covariates
ANCOVA with subjects’ age, interscan interval and illness duration as covariates.