Table 4.
Significant ANCOVA Interactions for Between-Group Differences in Longitudinal Changes of Absolute and Relative White Matter Volumes
| Brodmann’s Area Contrasts | Absolute Volumesa | Absolute VolumesControlled for Illness Durationb | Relative Volumesa | Relative Volumes Controlled for Illness Durationb |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frontal lobe | ||||
| (4-6-8-9-10-11-12-24-25-32-44-45-46-47) | ||||
| Schizophrenia vs. healthy subjects | ||||
| Good-outcome vs. poor-outcome | g×t F1, 38=5.24, p=0.028 (0.028) | g×t F1, 45=4.07, p=0.0497 (0.0497) | g×t F1, 38=4.81, p=0.035 (0.035) | |
| g×t×BA F13, 585=2.46, p=0.003 (0.07) | g×t×BA F13, 494=4.08, p=0.000002 (0.01) | g×t×BA F13, 585=2.73, p=0.0009 (0.053) | g×t×BA F13, 494=3.74, p=0.00001(0.016) | |
| Temporal lobe | ||||
| (20-21-22-27-28-34-35-36-37-38-41-42) | ||||
| Schizophrenia vs. healthy subjects | g×t×BA F11, 671=2.02, p=0.02 (0.12) | |||
| g×t×h×BA F11, 671=1.89, p=0.037 (0.13) | ||||
| Good-outcome vs. poor-outcome | g×t F1, 45=8.02, p=0.007 (0.007) | g×t F1, 38=7.90, p=0.008 (0.008) | g×t F1, 45=7.53, p=0.009 (0.009) | g×t F1, 38=7.23, p=0.01 (0.01) |
| g×t×BA F11, 495=2.86, p=0.001 (0.04) | g×t×BA F11, 418=2.70, p=0.002 (0.053) | g×t×BA F11, 495=3.01, p=0.0007 (0.04) | g×t×BA F11, 418=2.91, p=0.001 (0.049) | |
| Parietal lobe | ||||
| (1/2/3/5-7a-7b-23-26-29-30-31-39-40-43) | ||||
| Schizophrenia vs. healthy subjects | g×t×h×BA F10,610=2.09, p=0.02 (0.09) | |||
| Good-outcome vs. poor-outcome | g×t F1, 45=4.11, p=0.048 (0.048) | g×t F1, 38=4.63, p=0.038 (0.038) | ||
| g×t×BA F10, 450=2.15, p=0.02 (0.10) | g×t×h F1, 38=4.07, p=0.051 (0.051) | |||
| g×t×h×BA F10, 450=2.82, p=0.002 (0.02) | g×t×h×BA F10, 380=2.68, p=0.0036 (0.025) | |||
| Occipital lobe | ||||
| (17-18-19) | ||||
| Schizophrenia vs. healthy subjects | ||||
| Good-outcome vs. poor-outcome | g×t F1, 45=4.16, p=0.047 (0.047) | g×t F1, 38=4.40, p=0.04 (0.04) | g×t F1, 45=4.9, p=0.032 (0.032) | g×t F1, 38=4.70, p=0.037 (0.037) |
| Cingulate gyrus | ||||
| (23-24-25-26-29-30-31-32) | ||||
| Schizophrenia vs. healthy subjects | g × t F1, 61=3.79, p=0.056 (0.056) | |||
| Good-outcome vs. poor-outcome | ||||
| Frontal (4-6-8-9-10-11-12-44-45-46-47) vs. | ||||
| temporal (20-21-22-27-28-34-35-36-38-41-42) vs. | ||||
| parietal (1/2/3/5-7a-7b-23-26-29-30-31-39-40-43) | ||||
| Schizophrenia vs. healthy subjects | ||||
| Good-outcome vs. poor-outcome | g × t F1, 45=6.53, p=0.014 (0.014) | g×t F1, 38=6.95, p=0.01 (0.01) | g×t F1, 45=6.42, p=0.015 (0.015) | g×t F1, 38=6.59, p=0.014 (0.014) |
| g×t×r×BA F20, 760=21.73, p=0.024 (0.10) | g×t×r×BA F20, 900=2.08, p=0.004 (0.04) | g×t×r×BA F20, 760=2.86, p=0.0003 (0.005) | ||
Abbreviations: g×t – diagnostic group by scan time interaction, g×t×BA – diagnostic group by time by Brodmann’s area interaction, g×t×h×BA – diagnostic group by time by hemisphere by Brodmann’s area interaction, g×t×r×BA – diagnostic group by time by region by Brodmann’s area interaction, g×t×h×r×BA – diagnostic group by time by hemisphere by region by Brodmann’s area interaction.
Uncorrected p values are followed by Huynh-Feldt corrected p in parentheses. Interactions at trend level of significance (p<0.10) are in italics. Note that parietal areas 1, 2, 3, and 5 were combined in these analyses, hence 1/2/3/5.
ANCOVA with subjects’ age and interscan interval as covariates (full sample)
ANCOVA with subjects’ age, interscan interval and illness duration as covariates (subsample of schizophrenia patients)