Fig. 2.

The average of estimated effectiveness, ${\widehat{\epsilon }}_{\mathrm{a}}$, obtained by fitting the CE model to the surrogate data plotted against the average of actual effectiveness, ε_a, used to generate the data. Each point corresponds to the estimate obtained from analyzing one data set. Solid line indicates the ideal situation ${\widehat{\epsilon }}_{\mathrm{a}}={\epsilon }_{\mathrm{a}}$. Data points above the line indicate that the average estimates are larger than the actual average effectiveness.