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| Blood with added heparin within the first 10 days of infection |
| Paired sera collected several days apart: Based on the date on onset of illness and the probable time of seroconversion |
| Fresh urine less than two hours old is needed as Leptospires die quickly in urine |
| Organ and tissue samples for serology |
| Cerebrospinal fluid Within the first 10 days of infection |
| Dialysate for culture |
