TABLE 3.
Musculoskeletal disorders as a longer-term consequence of workplace flexibility and worker insecurity (bivariate regressions and hierarchical OLS regressions)
| Variables | Bivariate regression coefficients | Regression with control & independent variables | Full model with stress included |
|---|---|---|---|
| B (SE) | B (SE) | ||
| Constant | 5.325 (2.244)* | −5.38 (2.228) | |
| Independent variable: Objective flexibility | |||
| Permanent contract | −0.319 (0.698) | ||
| Lost job when employer lost contract | 4.053 (3.187) | ||
| Full-time hours (ref) | 0.752 (0.691) | ||
| Part-time hours | −0.888 (0.772) | ||
| Casual hours | −1.106 (1.382) | ||
| Involuntary hours | 1.040 (0.563) | ||
| Work on call | −0.584 (0.249)* | −0.299 (0.265) | −0.289 (0.245) |
| Work split shifts | −0.086 (0.643) | ||
| Salaried | −0.251 (0.559) | ||
| Paid per visit | 2.542 (3.193) | ||
| Hourly pay with variable hours | 0.113 (0.566) | ||
| Subjective (perceived) insecurity | |||
| Employment insecurity | 0.093 (0.045) | 0.098 (0.047) | 0.025 (0.045) |
| Labour market insecurity | 0.798 (0.259)** | 0.632 (0.250)* | 0.586 (0.231)* |
| Control variables | |||
| Heavy workload | 0.149 (0.046)** | 0.100 (0.047)* | 0.016 (0.045) |
| Job is repetitious | 0.912 (0.237)*** | 0.673 (0.230)** | 0.769 (0.213)*** |
| Organizational support | −0.085 (0.031)** | 0.025 (0.034) | 0.073 (0.032)* |
| Peer support | 0.092 (0.095) | ||
| Work injuries in past year | 4.24 (0.967)*** | 3.186 (0.942)** | 2.213 (0.881)* |
| Age | 0.037 (0.028) | ||
| Job title: Manager, supervisor, coordinator | −1.917 (0.530)*** | −1.301 (0.633)* | −1.239 (0.585)* |
| Job title: Office staff (ref) | 0.474 (0.542) | ||
| Job title: Case manager | 1.640 (0.569)** | 0.389 (0.664) | −0.165 (0.618) |
| Stress | 0.265 (0.030)*** | 0.247 (0.034)*** | |
| Adj. R2 | 0.155 | 0.279 | |
| R2 | 0.180 | 0.303 | |
| Change in R2 | 0.123 | ||
| N | 300 | 300 | 300 |
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01,
***
p<0.001
* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001