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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 23.
Published in final edited form as: Cardiovasc Res. 2006 Nov 11;73(2):257–268. doi: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.11.007

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Schematic speculation of how macronutrient intake might influence LV hypertrophy and subsequent dysfunction during pressure overload. Pressure overload stimulates LVH via Akt/mTOR dependent and independent mechanisms, and chronic LVH progresses to LV remodeling and subsequent heart failure. vvEating a diet that is high in carbohydrate (particular simple sugar) and low in fat will increase plasma insulin and activate hypertrophic growth pathways through stimulation of insulin receptors (IR), and activation of Akt and mTOR. On the other hand, a low carbohydrate/high fat diet will reduce result in low plasma insulin concentration and less activation stimulation of insulin mediate growth, and will elevate plasma fatty acid, resulting in greater activation of the PPAR pathway.