Dependence of the hydrogen bonded proton chemical shift on phenol pKa for a series of phenol donors (3,4-dinitrophenol, 3-CF3-4-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 4-cyanophenol) hydrogen-bonded to either 4-nitropyridine-N-oxide (black, pKa = −1.7)89 or 2,6-dichloropyridine-N-oxide (red, pKa = − 2.3)90 in chloroform (data from Table S4).