Table 1.
Attributes of replicated adhesives using Acacia gum: Hardness (HR15X), pH, and success rate
| Adhesive ingredients | Hardness (HR15X) | pH |
Frequency |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acacia gum | Unheated adhesive | Heated adhesive | Successful adhesive | Failed adhesive | ||
| Gum no. 1 | 28 (37.3) 57 | 3.0–3.5 | 3.0–3.5 | 3.5–4.0 | 1 | 1 |
| Gum no. 2 | – | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.0–5.5 | 3 | 1 |
| Gum no. 3 | – | 4.4 | 4.4 | – | 1 | 1 |
| Gum no. 1 plus synthetic Fe2O3 | 71 (80.5–93.5) 96 | 3.0–3.5 | 5.5–6.0 | 6.0 | 0 | 5 |
| Gum no. 2 plus synthetic Fe2O3 | – | 4.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 0 | 4 |
| Gum no. 1 plus yellow ochre no. 10 | 57 (65.2) 72 | 3.0–3.5 | 4.5–5.0 | 5.0–5.5 | 1 | 0 |
| Gum no. 2 plus yellow ochre no. 10 | – | 4.0 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 2 | 1 |
| Gum no. 2 plus yellow ochre no. 3 | – | 4.0 | – | – | 0 | 3 |
| Gum no. 1 plus red ochre no. 12 | 49 (51) 53 | 3.0–3.5 | 4.0–4.5 | 5.0–5.5 | 1 | 0 |
| Gum no. 2 plus red ochre no. 12 | – | 4.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 1 | 4 |
| Gum no. 2 plus red ochre no. 15 | – | 4.0 | 5.5–6.0 | 5.5–6.0 | 2 | 0 |
| Gum no. 3 plus red ochre no. 15 | – | 4.4 | – | – | 15 | 1 |
| Gum no. 1 plus red ochre no. 12 plus wax | – | 3.0–3.5 | 4.0–4.5 | 5.0–5.5 | 1 | 0 |
| Gum no. 2 plus red ochre no. 13 plus wax | 18 (32.3) 43 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 5.0 | 1 | 0 |
| Gum no. 3 plus red ochre no. 15 plus wax | – | 4.4 | – | – | 3 | 0 |
Adhesives were heated over fire before mounting tools and were later dehydrated near fire. See Table 2 for ochre attributes.