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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 23.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2008 Dec 1;166(1):64–73. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07081336

TABLE 1.

Within-Group and Between-Group Effects on Reward-Related Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent Response, by Conditiona

Talairach Coordinates of Maximum Voxel in Cluster
Condition Hemisphere x y z Cluster Size t df p
Reward anticipation
 Within comparison group
  Caudate body Right 4 1 17 948 7.74 27 <0.001
 Within major depressive disorder group
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Left −54 21 33 45 4.44 14 <0.001
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Right 54 19 29 35 3.78 14 <0.005
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Left −4 50 31 40 3.65 14 <0.005
  Medial frontal gyrus (Brodmann’s area 6) Right 2 48 33 27 3.65 14 <0.005
  Orbital gyrus (Brodmann’s area 11) Left −40 34 −12 17 3.49 14 <0.005
  Middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann’s area 10) Right 44 52 −9 43 3.18 14 <0.005
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Right 40 29 37 20 2.67 14 <0.01
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Left −40 13 36 31 2.64 14 <0.05
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Left −36 31 37 11 2.56 14 <0.05
  Middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann’s area 10) Left −44 49 1 15 2.54 14 <0.05
  Medial frontal gyrus (Brodmann’s area 10) Right 2 60 −3 16 2.19 14 <0.05
 Comparison > major depressive disorder
  Caudate head Left −6 18 3 270 4.49 39 <0.001
 Major depressive disorder > comparison
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Right 40 29 37 14 3.35 39 <0.005
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Left −4 48 33 14 2.67 39 <0.01
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Left −50 11 31 13 2.07 39 <0.05
Reward outcome
 Within comparison group
  Caudate head Left −6 16 3 1026 9.30 27 <0.001
 Within major depressive disorder group
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Right 2 44 16 198 3.92 14 <0.005
  Medial frontal gyrus (Brodmann’s area 8) Left −4 48 31 36 3.69 14 <0.005
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Left −54 11 31 25 3.60 14 <0.005
  Middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann’s area 10) Right 40 56 −8 15 3.57 14 <0.005
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Right 40 29 37 41 3.47 14 <0.005
  Superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann’s area 10) Left −4 60 −1 60 3.18 14 <0.005
  Superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann’s area 10) Right 28 62 −3 13 3.12 14 <0.005
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Left −40 29 37 21 2.84 14 <0.01
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Right 54 19 29 19 2.51 14 <0.05
 Comparison > major depressive disorder
  Caudate head Left −6 18 3 239 4.55 39 <0.001
 Major depressive disorder > comparison
  Medial frontal gyrus (Brodmann’s area 10) Left −4 60 3 16 2.51 39 <0.001
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Left −4 48 33 11 2.44 39 <0.01
  DLPFC (Brodmann’s area 9) Right 40 29 37 11 2.40 39 <0.01
a

Significant clusters for each analysis are listed in descending order of t score. Comparison group > major depressive disorder indicates findings for greater activation in the comparison group relative to the depressed group, and major depressive disorder > comparison indicates the opposite. DLPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.