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Effect of longitudinal curvature on homeostatic opening angles in torus model T1. Due to inhomogeneous wall thickness, opening angles measured at the inside φi), center (φc), and outside (φo) of the wall are different. (A,B) Examples of opening angles for cuts at inner and outer curvature of vessel. Cut sections are given by the model. (C,D) Opening angles are plotted as functions of the normalized longitudinal radius of curvature a/b with b = 1.5 mm.
