TABLE 1.

Chronology of concurrent early (first 1 h) signaling events after PHx

Multiple signaling pathways involving both growth factors, cytokines, paracrine signals, and neuroendocrine factors occur simultaneously within the first 60 min after PHx. These include:

• Increase in urokinase activity (first 5 min)

• Translocation of N(otch) ICD to the nucleus (15 min)

• Translocation of beta-catenin to the nucleus (5–10 min to 6 h)

• Decrease in HGF biomatrix stores (30 min to 3 h)

• Activation of the HGF receptor (within 30–60 min)

• Activation of the EGF receptor (within 30–60 min)

• Increase of HGF, Norepinephrine, IL6, TNFa, TGFb1 and hyaluronic acid in the plasma (1–2 h)

• Activation of AP1, NFkB, and STAT3 (30–60 min)

• Extensive gene expression reprogramming of hepatocytes within 30 min after PHx