Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) Participants, According to Sex and Treatment Assignment in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT).*
| Characteristic | Female Patients | Male Patients | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intensive Treatment (N=295) |
Conventional Treatment (N=289) |
Intensive Treatment (N=323) |
Conventional Treatment (N=322) |
|
| Demographic, year 1 | ||||
| Age (yr) | 35±7 | 34±7 | 36±7 | 36±7 |
| Current smoker (%) | 20 | 19 | 20 | 17 |
| Duration of diabetes (yr) | 13.9±4.8 | 14.2±5.2 | 13.9±4.8 | 13.3±4.6 |
| Medical, year 1 | ||||
| Body-mass index | 26.5±4.5† | 25.0±3.5 | 26.7±3.9‡ | 26.0±3.2 |
| Natural waist:hip circumference | 0.76±0.07 | 0.76±0.07 | 0.88±0.08 | 0.87±0.09 |
| Ankle:arm blood pressure <0.9 (%) | 8.8 | 8.7 | 4.6 | 6.9 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 114±12 | 114±13 | 119±11 | 120±12 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 74±9 | 72±9 | 77±9 | 77±8 |
| Hypertension (%)§ | 10.4 | 14.0 | 22.9 | 17.9 |
| Lipids, year 1 or 2 | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl)¶ | 188±36 | 188±38 | 187±35 | 182±36 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)¶ | 59±14 | 59±14 | 49±13 | 50±11 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)¶ | 112±29 | 112±30 | 119±30‡ | 114±32 |
| LDL:HDL ratio | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 2.4 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl)‖ | 83±76 | 83±76 | 96±72 | 96±79 |
| Hyperlipidemia (%)** | 27.1 | 26.8 | 35.3 | 30.0 |
| Albumin excretion rate, year 1 or 2 | ||||
| Value (mg/24 hr) | 22±67†† | 67±330 | 30±118 | 43±117 |
| >40 mg/24 hr (%) | 6.8† | 15.7 | 7.7† | 16.5 |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin (%) | ||||
| During DCCT | 7.3±0.9† | 9.1±1.3 | 7.2±0.9† | 9.0±1.1 |
| Year 1 EDIC | 7.9±1.4‡ | 8.1±1.4 | 7.8±1.2† | 8.3±1.2 |
| Intima–media thickness, year 1 or 2 (mm) | ||||
| Common carotid artery | 0.566±0.077 | 0.557±0.076 | 0.597±0.082 | 0.604±0.097 |
| Internal carotid artery | 0.608±0.165 | 0.628±0.251 | 0.668±0.220 | 0.681±0.268 |
Plus–minus values are means ±SD. All data are from EDIC year 1 or year 2 unless otherwise noted. Comparisons between intensive-treatment and conventional-treatment groups are based on the chi-square test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. The body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
P<0.001 for the comparison of intensive treatment with conventional treatment.
P<0.05 for the comparison of intensive treatment with conventional treatment.
Hypertension was defined by a systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mm Hg, a diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg, the presence of documented hypertension, or the use of antihypertensive agents.
To convert the values for cholesterol to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.02586. HDL denotes high-density lipoprotein, and LDL low-density lipoprotein.
To convert the values for triglycerides to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.01129.
Hyperlipidemia was defined by an LDL cholesterol level of at least 130 mg per deciliter (3.36 mmol per liter) or by the use of lipid-lowering agents.
P<0.01 for the comparison of intensive treatment with conventional treatment.