. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Jun 23.

Published in final edited form as: N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 5;348(23):2294–2303. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa022314

Table 3.

Univariate Associations of Carotid Intima–Media Thickness, with Risk Factors Adjusted for Age, Sex, Ultrasonography Equipment Used, and Year 1 Intima–Media Thickness Measurement.^*

Risk Factor	Common Carotid Intima–Media Thickness		Internal Carotid Intima–Media Thickness (Reciprocal)		Combined Intima–Media Thickness
	Estimate of β Coefficient ±SE	P Value	Estimate of β Coefficient ±SE	P Value	Estimate of β Coefficient ±SE	P Value
					mm
Treatment group (conventional vs. intensive)	0.0135±0.0053	0.02	−0.0330±0.0183	0.07	0.1619±0.0669	0.02
Body-mass index (per unit)	0.0016±0.0007	0.03	−0.0032±0.0025	0.20	0.0136±0.0089	0.13
Smoking (yes vs. no)	0.0247±0.0068	<0.001	−0.0822±0.0231	<0.001	0.3468±0.0850	<0.001
Systolic blood pressure (per mm Hg)	0.0008±0.0002	<0.001	−0.0023±0.0008	0.004	0.0088±0.0029	0.002
Hypertension (yes vs. no)^†	0.0189±0.0074	0.01	−0.1105±0.0258	<0.001	0.3016±0.0939	0.001
Low-density lipoprotein:high-density lipoprotein ratio	0.0072±0.0032	0.03	−0.0505±0.0113	<0.001	0.1427±0.0405	<0.001
Log albumin excretion rate	0.0068±0.0025	0.006	−0.0212±0.0084	0.01	0.0912±0.0308	0.003
Glycosylated hemoglobin value during DCCT (per 1 percentage point)	0.0065±0.0020	0.001	−0.0193±0.0067	0.004	0.1014±0.0244	<0.001

The multiple regression model used the year 6 intima–media thickness as the outcome and fit the covariates one at a time after adjustment for age, sex, ultrasonography equipment used, and year 1 intima–media thickness. The R², based on a general linear model (PROC GLM) in which the year 6 intima–media thickness was the outcome, adjusted for age, sex, ultrasonography equipment used, and year 1 intima–media measurement, is 37.76 percent, 39.58 percent, and 50.60 percent for the common carotid, internal carotid, and combined intima–media thickness, respectively. DCCT denotes Diabetes Control and Complications Trial.

^†

Hypertension was defined by a systolic blood pressure of at least 140 mm Hg, a diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg, documented hypertension, or the use of antihypertensive agents.