Fig. 2A.

Sex was determined by PCR using the male-specific marker SRY (appears in the sex determination region on the Y chromosome and is responsible for testes formation) and the universal marker myogenin (Myog) (expressed in both males and females). ♀ pups express Myog gene only, ♂ pups express both SRY gene and Myog gene.

Fig. 2B. PCR genotyping for tail DNA, the PCR products are 220 base pairs (bp) for Ar^+/+ (WT), 170 bp for Ar^−/− (ArKO), and both of these PCR products for Ar^+/−(heterozygote, HT).