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. 2009 May 8;103(9):1529–1545. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcp095

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Flow diagram indicating the relationship between adaptive accuracy and various evolutionary developmental concepts. Natural selection acts on the phenotype as measured by adaptive accuracy, but response to selection occurs through changes in precision and optimality, as effected by changes in genetic and developmental functions, including developmental stability and genetic and environmental canalization.